PACKING

In international trade, most goods need packing. Packing is one of the essential component parts of commodity production because the packed commodity can attain the commercial value and also can protect the commodity and keep it good in quality. At the same time, it can increase the marketing value of the goods.

I-    Kinds of Packing:

The kinds of cargoes are various in international trade, but they can be classified into three kinds:

1-         Nude Cargo:

Nude Cargoes refer to these kinds of cargoes whose qualities are more stable. They are not easy to be influenced by outside circumstances and they become single piece of their own. They are difficult to be packed or do not need any packing, such as steel products, lead ingot, rubber and timber…. etc.

2-   Cargo in Bulk:

     Cargoes in Bulk refer to those goods which are shipped on the conveyance in bulk, such as oil, grain, coal… etc. Cargoes in Bulk can be transported, loaded or unloaded by conveyance.

     3-   Containers:

The Container is a kind of tool used for transportation which can be thought of as a particular shipping packing of cargo, and can be regarded as a component part of conveyance as well, usually provided by the shipping company to go around.

The containers commonly used in the sea transportation now can be classified into seven kinds:

A-   Dry Container:

           Dry container is used for carrying general cargoes.

     B-   Refrigerator Container:

     It is a container with the freeze equipment. Its temperature can be adjusted from 26 ^oC to 28 ^oC.

     C-   Open Top Container:

     The open top container doesn’t have the top part. Cargoes can be loaded or unloaded through the top of containers by elevating equipment. It is suitable to carry the extra big cargoes.

     D-   Platform Container:

     The platform container is suitable for carrying the extra-long and extra-heavy cargoes. The length can reach more than 6 meters and the weight more than 40 M/T.

     E-   Pen Container:                            

The two sides of this kind of containers are covered by metal nets, which make it convenient to feed the live-stock.

F-   Tank Container:

     The tank container is suitable for carrying liquid cargoes such as oil… etc.

     G-   Flexible Container:

     The flexible container is suitable for powder or grain cargo such as fertilizer, sugar, flour and cement.

The specifications of the containers are commonly used in Cambodia are 8 X 8 X 20 feet (1C) and 8 X 8 X 40 feet (1A). As to the 20 feet container, the loading capacity can reach as high as 18 M/T, the volume is totally 31 – 35 cubic meters.

At present, the specifications of containers in common use in the world are 1A, 1AA, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F.                 

The Function of Packing:

The packing can be used to protect the goods and keep them as good and complete as they are shipped in the circulative field; it makes it convenient for storing, taking care of, transporting, loading, unloading… etc. Strong packing can prevent the goods from being stolen and damaged; reasonable packing can lessen shipping space and save freight. Marketing packing can beautify the commodity and make the consumer convenient to select, carry and use the goods.

The feature of packing should be:

     -     Beautiful and durable

     -     Easily handle

     -     Suitable for long distance shipment

     -     Waterproof and shockproof

     -     Proof against damage

     -     Suitable for window display

     -     Be attractive and small

II-   Shipping Mark:

Types of shipping mark are various, but they are usually made up of geometrical diagrams, letter, figures and simple word.

Shipping marks make it convenient for identifying and transporting the goods and make it easy to count them out to avoid the shipping errors.

Simple shipping marks are generally made up of four parts:

     1-   Consignee’s Code:                       

     The consignee’s codes are usually indicated by the different geometrical diagrams such as triangle, diamond circle… etc.

     2-   Consignor’s Code:                       

     Letters are usually printed inside or outside diagram to represent the consignor’s codes.

     3-   Gross and Net Weight:

     4-   Contract Number:

     5-   Destination:

     6    Package Number:

           -   C.T

           -   K.T

           -   Cambodia

           -   N^o 3

III- Indication Mark:

We usually use the remarkable diagram and simple words to remind the relative workers of the items for attention when they load or unload, carry and store the goods such as “Handle with care “ , “This way up “, “Keep Dry” and “Fragile” ….. etc.

IV- Warning Mark:

The warning mark is also called dangerous mark, which is brushed clearly and definitely on the shipping packing of inflammable, poisonous and corrosive goods, so as to give  warning to the workers. Warning mark are usually made up of simple geometrical diagram, word description and particular picture.

V-   Packing Clause in the Contract:

The packing clause mainly stipulates the packing manner, packing materials, packing expenses to be borne and the shipping mark. If the packing of cargo is not in conformity with the stipulation of the contract, the buyer shall have the right to file a claim on account of losses or even reject the goods.

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